您现在的位置:首页 > 协会动态  > 学习成长
“4X100”空间尺度的设计比较研究 | 陈宏良xOriols
发布时间:2023.02.14        查看次数:297


结合羊城设计联盟成立10周年系列活动,本次研究由羊盟发起,邀请粤港澳大湾区代表性的设计院校和学者参与,并链接部分湾区外的设计院校。主要以访谈、对话、沙龙和研讨会等形式展开,成果将由羊盟公众号发布,并收录于由华南理工大学出版社出版发行的羊盟十周年年鉴。羊盟秘书长谢凌峰博士带领秘书处与嘉宾进行深度访谈交流,以下为嘉宾精彩观点。


第5期访谈嘉宾:

陈宏良

天萌国际设计 董事长、总建筑师

  • 建筑因自然而美好,自然山水因建筑而升华。

  • 设计灵感来源于不断地推敲思考。

  • 体验感是各尺度之间的共性。

  • 规划是上帝视角,建筑是行人视角,室内是家人视角。

Oriol Ribas Satorras

西班牙SOG Design 合伙人

  • 永恒的挑战、当代的挑战、未来的挑战。

  • 最大的挑战是在项目中各利益元素的协调。

  • 如果将空间排除在与人的关系之外,空间就没有意义。

  • 建筑不能只对自己说话。


 嘉宾1:陈宏良 

简介:天萌国际设计董事长、总建筑师,羊城设计联盟副会长,亚太酒店协会副会长,大湾区城市建设智库副主席,国家一级注册建筑师、高级工程师,广东工业大学校外研究生导师。曾入编“中国当代青年建筑师”年鉴, 荣获“IHFO 中外酒店建筑设计大师”,30 余年来在城市规划、酒店、办公建筑、商业及综合体、住宅建筑、文旅小镇等多个领域均有落成及获奖项目。


访谈摘录:

01. 在熟悉的空间尺度中

(1)您的设计(研究)主专业是?主要尺度在哪个范围?

我的主专业是建筑设计。项目从几百到几十万上百万平方米的都有,如果抽出一个代表性范围的话,那就是10000平方米。


(2)在这个尺度中,您认为设计最重要解决的问题是什么?您是如何解决的,有何独到的经验?

最重要的问题:一是解决功能组织问题,包括看得见的使用流线和看不见的管理流线。二是建筑的形式打造问题,我设计的习惯还是更多的基于理性的分析推导,找出最合适的形式和功能布置,设计的灵感也是来源于不断地推敲思考。


(3)在这个尺度中,最让您自己满意的设计作品是什么?作品达到了怎样的目标?

广西崇左秘境丽世度假村及别墅。该项目充分考虑了所处位置的山水自然条件,遵循“自然优先”的设计原则和“以小见大,以少为多”的设计构想,强调建筑与自然的共生共融。

特别关注建筑与大自然之间的和谐与交流,建成后达到建筑与自然相互增益的效果,建筑因为自然而美好,自然山水因建筑而升华。




@广西崇左秘境丽世度假村及别墅


(4)在这个尺度中,最富有挑战性的工作是什么?您认为自己有怎样的优势?

最富有挑战的工作是建筑设计中功能、形式和造价之间的平衡,如何通过经济实用的造价呈现出特色的建筑形式和完善的建筑功能。

天萌在这方面的优势在于注重团队合作和整体协调,面对重大项目时能够高效的运作起来,团队之间相互配合、相辅相成,通过精细化管理来落到实处。


(5)在这个尺度中,如何认识空间与人的关系?

以人为本,无论是流线还是功能的设计,都要以使用者的视角和感受为中心去思考整个建筑设计的延续性。建筑尺度比较适合形成空间序列,其尺度不大不小,比较适合人常规视角的连续性游历和体验。


02. 在其他和整体尺度中

(1)对哪个尺度最有兴趣?这个尺度与您熟悉的空间尺度有什么关联?

以前对小范围的规划城市设计感兴趣,现在更多的是对室内空间设计感兴趣。现阶段的行业环境更加要求设计师综合发展,例如在做酒店建筑设计除考虑建筑与环境的关系,还需要综合考虑到室内空间的交融,通过小尺度的设计及软装去提升项目整体的使用感受。


(2)不同尺度的相互启发是什么?如何突破尺度的限制?


我所做的项目大都以落地为导向,主要还是从实际出发,不同尺度之间需要通过具体项目具体分析。在其他层面上,每个尺度之间是互相融合的,景观设计会带动建筑设计,建筑设计会带动室内设计,反之也会相互带动影响。同一个项目,我们应该用更广阔的的视野,从更主动的视角或更细致角度全面考虑,才能打造一个更完美的项目设计。


(3)各尺度设计之间的共性或延续性是什么?


体验感是各尺度设计之间的共性,无论是室内设计的装饰,还是建筑设计的功能流线设计,都要以使用者的体验感为主。体验感的具体实现是文化投射及生态的可持续性等。


(4)各尺度设计之间的差异是什么?

主要体现在不同尺度的使用者的性格上,从事建筑设计和从事室内设计在对待一个空间的感受和需求上是不同的,这种不同则会体现在设计上的差异。规划是上帝视角,建筑是行人视角,室内是家人视角。


(5)关于各尺度设计之间的比较研究,有何建议?

打破彼此之间的界限,行业遵循“合久必分,分久必合”的规律,现阶段对于设计行业的从业人员的要求也更加强调综合性。


03. 延展探讨

(1)天萌国际设计注重产研结合,也在积极参与行业人才培养,承担相应的社会责任,请问具体有哪些举措?


我们公司与广东工业大学一同创办了广东工业大学天萌建院创客空间。该项目不仅改善了学生们的居住环境,并且作为创客空间给予学生们实践的机会。对于高校设计学生或者年轻设计师而言,要多看好的设计,身处好的设计环境之中,才能做出好的设计。我们出钱出力,在与校方的紧密配合下,建成后效果得到普遍赞誉。


(2)“跨界共生,生态共建”是当前众多行业在积极探寻的方向,您对泛设计的行业生态圈打造有哪些意见或建议吗?


每个人的状态不同,在去探索跨界之前,要更加专注自身专业领域的沉淀,提升自己的竞争力,才能在第二曲线探索中有立足之地。


04. 问题漂流瓶

我想问的人:广州亚城规划设计研究院有限公司的林金龙

我想提的问:如何激活广州珠江两岸的滨水体验?如何提高和完善城市立体化、人性化的设计?


 嘉宾2:Oriol Ribas Satorras

简介:毕业于巴塞罗那高等建筑学院(ETSAB),2005年获得加泰罗尼亚建筑师协会注册建筑师资格,拥有20年的建筑设计工作经验,2013年,Oriol与 Gemma Domingo,Sergio Alonso在巴塞罗那共同创立了SOG design,并开设广州分公司,SOG开始与多家本地公司进行一系列的项目合作,包括住宅、酒店、综合体和城市规划。


访谈摘录:

01. In the familiar spatial scale(在熟悉的空间尺度中)

(1)What is your major in design (research)? What is the main scale?(您的设计(研究)主专业是?主要尺度在哪个范围?

During my first years at university most of my studies and research focused on medium scale architecture. Social housing and the improvement of public spaces in residential communities were the initial starting point.

This interest in the community, the dynamics of coexistence and the urban fabric beyond individual housing, would guide my professional development towards urban design, master planning and reflecting on the future of cities.

在我大学时代的最初几年,我的研究更关注中尺度建筑。社会住宅,居住社区中公共空间的提升是我设计的起点。

对社区、动态共存以及超越个人住宅的城市结构的兴趣,使得我的工作发展逐渐倾向于城市设计,规划设计和对未来城市的探究。


(2)In this scale, what do you think is the most important problem to be solved by design? How did you solve it and what unique experience do you have?(在这个尺度中,您认为设计最重要解决的问题是什么?您是如何解决的,有何独到的经验?)

When we talk about urbanism, the range of challenges that arise are many and varied. That was probably one of the main reasons that aroused my interest in this field over other more specialized design disciplines.

When considering a new urban fabric, we tend to divide the problems into three groups:

当我们谈论起城市规划,面临的挑战是多种多样的。这可能是引起我对这个领域而不是其他更专业的设计学科的兴趣的主要原因之一。在考虑新的城市结构时,我们倾向于将问题分为三组:


Timeless Challenges. Among them we find budgetary, traditional and cultural elements, relations between public and private space, urban porosity .... to name a few.

In my experience, to face this kind of challenges, the collaboration with a multidisciplinary team of professionals, including local architects and designers, together with the communication with the client (public or private), is fundamental to understand the needs that our design must satisfy.

永恒的挑战。其中包括预算问题、传统和文化元素、公共和私人空间之间的关系、城市孔隙度……等等。根据我的经验,面对这种挑战,与包括当地建筑师和设计师在内的多学科专业团队合作,以及与客户(公共或私人)的沟通,对于理解我们的设计必须满足的需求至关重要


Contemporary Challenges. Issues such as current regulations, energy consumption, traffic and transportation, sustainability, customs, economic fabric and social dynamics are some of the challenges we face today but which change and flow with the passage of time.

In this case, the study of similar cases, the importation of ideas that have proven effective elsewhere, serves as a starting point for our work. Re-evaluate the more traditional solutions to separate those that work from those that are no longer relevant.

当代的挑战。如当前法规、能源消耗、交通和运输、可持续性、用户、经济结构和社会动态等问题是我们当今面临的挑战,但将随着时间的推移而变化。在这种情况下,对类似案例的研究,以及在其他项目中实践有效的经验,可成为设计的起点。重新评估传统设计手法,分辨有效与过时的设计经验。


Future Challenges. When we consider an urban space, we cannot forget the durability of its ideas and design. Being optimistic, an urban space will have a useful life of about a century (in many cases its life is much longer). With this idea in mind, issues such as flexibility in the use of spaces, multifunctionality of facilities and the creation of a city that evolves and grows with its residents and users, becomes a pillar of design.

未来的挑战。当考虑城市空间时,其理念和设计的耐久性是无法忽略的。乐观地说,一个城市空间的使用寿命约为一个世纪(在许多情况下,它的寿命要长得多)。基于这一想法,诸如空间使用的灵活性、设施的多功能性以及创建与居民和用户一起发展和成长的城市等问题将成为设计的支柱。


No one can predict the future, but neither can we ignore it. SOG Design, through its international experience and thanks to a multigenerational and multicultural team, introduces this element of change and flexibility in each of its designs.

未来不可预测,但同样不能忽视。我们的团队SOG Design综合国际项目经验以及多代和多文化的团队,致力于在项目设计中融入变化和灵活性元素。


(3)In this scale, what is the most satisfying design work for you? What is the goal of the work?(在这个尺度中,最让您自己满意的设计作品是什么?作品达到了怎样的目标?)

The initial phases of the project tend to be the most satisfying, despite being the most delicate. Understanding the project, its community, the communication with the team, with the client and the exchange of ideas and proposals, is intellectually stimulating and a very enriching process of learning and reflection.

每个项目的初始阶段往往是最令人满意的,也是最微妙的。了解项目及其社区,与团队、客户的沟通以及想法和建议的交流,是一种智力上的挑战,也是一个非常丰富的学习和反思过程。


Several projects have been tremendously stimulating in recent years. But as an example we can talk about the Animal Shelter Master plan in Vietnam.

Located in Láo Cai province, an iconic valley in the northwest of Vietnam, this eco-tourism project presented us with the opportunity to put into practice many of the principles we have discussed so far.

近年来,有几个项目对我们影响深刻。但作为案例,我们可以谈谈越南野生动物度假村总体规划项目。这个生态旅游项目位于越南西北部标志性的山谷老街省,这个项目使我们有机会将迄今为止讨论的许多原则付诸实践。




@越南野生动物度假村总体规划项目


The main points of this project were varied and difficult to reconcile.

From an ecological point of view, the project was to maintain and help finance a refuge for exotic animals rescued from traffickers by the authorities.

It was imperative to minimize the impact of the project on the existing landscape.

The project was to stimulate the economy of the local population, based on agriculture and local crafts.

该项目的重点问题多种多样并难以调和。首先,从生态学的角度来看,该项目旨在维护和营造一个庇护所,以保护当地政府从贩运者手中解救出来的野生动物。同时,必须尽量减少项目对现有景观的影响。另外,刺激和带动以农业和当地手工艺为基础的当地经济,也是该项目的重要目标。


From a commercial point of view, the project was to be part of an overall regional initiative to encourage and attract local and foreign tourism as a form of economic revitalization. The promoter, being a private entity, also prioritized the importance of the project being economically restored in the shortest possible time.

Reconciling the demands of the project and at the same time creating an urban and economic fabric that can survive the passage of time was the central idea in our design.

从商业角度来看,该项目将成为鼓励和吸引本地和外国旅游业作为经济振兴形式的整体区域计划的一部分。作为私人实体的开发商也优先考虑项目在尽可能短的时间内恢复收益的重要性。基于此,协调项目的各方需求,同时创造一个能够经受住时间的城区和经济结构,是我们设计的中心思想。


We approached the first problem by proposing an elevated greenbelt, traversed by a pedestrian walkway that will allow to see the different points of the animal shelter without the need to interact with them. This will raise awareness of the problem of animal trafficking, while giving commercial value to the activity.

The large covered market at the entrance of the project serves as a commercial center for the local community and plays a multi-functional role with flexible spaces that can have a commercial, cultural or panoramic use thanks to its location and design.

面对第一个问题,我们为动物保护区设置了一条绿带,架高的人行通廊贯穿绿带,串联动物保护区的不同点。在观看动物的同时,又避免与它们互动。这将提高人们对动物贩运问题的重视,同时赋予项目商业价值。在项目入口处设置大型市场,作为当地社区的商业中心,发挥多功能的作用,凭借其区位和设计,灵活的空间可用于商业、文化或景观用途。


In relation to the client's economic requirements, we centered the commercial, residential and tourist activity at the lowest point of the site. This allows us to minimize the presence of the project in the landscape while creating a sustainable and dynamic urban fabric.

为满足开发商的经济要求,项目设置商业、住宅和旅游功能,规划将其集中在场地的最低点,以最大限度地减少其对整个山体景观的影响,同创造一个可持续和充满活力的城市结构。


(4)What is the most challenging job on this scale? What advantages do you think you have?(在这个尺度中,最富有挑战性的工作是什么?您认为自己有怎样的优势?)

Perhaps the greatest challenge lies in the conciliation of interests that occurs in a project of these dimensions. Within an urban space we have a great variety of actors with different interests, which sometimes come into conflict. Economic interests, social interests, lifestyles, cultural differences in the use of space, and differences in priorities.

也许最大的挑战在于在该维度的项目中各个利益元素的协调。在城市空间中,我们有各种各样的参与者,他们有着不同的利益,有时会发生冲突。经济利益、社会利益、生活方式、空间使用方面的文化差异以及优先事项的差异。


Faced with this problem, SOG Design has had the good fortune to be founded in the city of Barcelona, a city that while not perfect, has not stopped evolving and re-evaluating its urban spaces and the relationship it has with citizens and economy over the last 30 years. From the 1992 Olympics to the 2022 super block, Barcelona has approached its urbanism as something alive and evolving with the times and SOG Design has been present throughout the process.

面对这类问题,我们的团队SOG Design 有幸在巴塞罗那市成立,这座城市虽然不完美,但一直在不断发展和变革其城市空间以及它与市民和经济的关系。过去30年。从1992年奥运会到2022年超级街区,巴塞罗那将其城市化视为一种与时俱进、不断发展的事物,而 SOG Design 则经历了整个过程。


On the other hand, the international experience that our work in more than 20 countries has given me over the last 15 years, together with the enormous number of professionals with whom I have had the opportunity to collaborate, have been fundamental in establishing my understanding of urban spaces, their inhabitants, their challenges and their possibilities.

另一方面,过去15年来,我曾参与20多个国家的不同项目工作,并有幸与许多专业人士合作,这些国际经验促使我建立了对城市空间、居民、挑战和可能性的理解。


(5)In this scale, how to understand the relationship between space and people?(在这个尺度中,如何认识空间与人的关系?)

Space has no meaning (at least from a human point of view) if we exclude it from its relation with people. On the other hand, people cannot exist in the absence of space. Ever since man has had an impact on the spaces he inhabits. This impact has sometimes been voluntary and with a positive intention, in other cases this impact is unintentional and with very negative consequences for the space and for the human being. This principle, apparently obvious, is a good starting point when we consider the development of new urban spaces.

如果我们将空间排除在与人的关系之外,空间就没有意义(至少从人类的角度来看)。另一方面,人不能在没有空间的情况下存在。人类对他居住的空间产生影响,这种影响有时是自愿且积极的,有时则是无意的,并且对空间和人类产生着非常负面的后果。显然,当我们考虑新城市空间的开发和设计时,这个原则将是一个很好的起点。


02. At other and overall scales(在其他和整体尺度中)

(1)What is the mutual inspiration of different scales? How to break through the limitation of scale?(不同尺度的相互启发是什么?如何突破尺度的限制?

The mutual inspiration in the different scales is continuity. The building of a given scale will be influenced by and give continuity to the city it is expressing. Architecture is a balance that expresses what is happening inside while at the same time expressing what is happening around it. Architecture cannot speak only to itself.

不同尺度的相互启发是连续的。确定规模的建筑将受到城市空间的影响,也将给予其所处空间连续性。建筑是一种平衡,它不仅表达内部发生的事情,同时表达了其周围关联发生的事情。建筑不能只对自己说话。


(2)What is the commonness or continuity between the design of various scales?(各尺度设计之间的共性或延续性是什么?

The concept, the rational method that leads us to a conclusion, can become architecture, a construction detail or a great city. From the spoon to the city and all that.

共性是概念,引导我们得出结论的理性设计方法,它可转化为建筑、构造细节或大型城市设计。小到勺子,大到城市等。


(3)What is the difference between the designs of various scales?(各尺度设计之间的差异是什么?)

In essence there is no difference, in methodology there is a myriad of differences. The whole design is a reflection made visible and tangible. The basic elements remain the same: Aesthetic elements, pragmatic elements, cultural elements, functional elements, material elements, environmental elements .....

本质上没有区别,方法论上有无数的区别。整个设计是可见化和有形化的反应。基本要素是相同的:审美要素、实用要素、文化要素、功能要素、物质要素、环境要素.....


03. Problem drift bottle(问题漂流瓶)

我想问的人:羊盟的设计师
我想提的问:Which professionals should be or not be involved in the design process?(什么专业与设计相关或无关?)


延展阅读(点击图片查看原文)

△羊盟10周年 | “4x100”空间尺度的设计比较研究





广州市空间设计协会 版权所有
扫码关注我们